Infectious Respiratory Disease
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but can spread to other body parts.
Transmission & Spread
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TB spreads through air when infected individuals cough, sneeze, or speak, releasing bacteria-containing droplets.
Latent vs. Active TB
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Latent TB infection shows no symptoms or spread, while active TB causes cough, fever, weight loss, and fatigue.
Diagnostic Tests
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Diagnosis involves history, examination, skin tests, chest X-rays, and sputum tests.
Treatment Regimens
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Combining antibiotics for months kills bacteria and prevents resistance, with Directly Observed Therapy ensuring adherence.
Drug-Resistant TB
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Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) require specialized treatment.
Prevention Strategies
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Focus on early detection, treatment, and vaccination, along with public health measures.
Public Health Measures
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Contact tracing, infection control, and education campaigns aid TB control.
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TB is a major global health concern, especially in low-resource settings.
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Ongoing research aims to improve diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines for TB control and elimination.